Gastroesophageal Reflux: Causes, Symptoms, and Remedies

Gastroesophageal reflux refers to the condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus.

In healthy individuals, a small amount of liquid or gas reflux can occur after meals and during the first three hours afterward. This type of reflux is usually mild, slightly acidic, brief, and often barely noticeable.

When reflux becomes more frequent and is accompanied by symptoms, it is referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Gastroesophageal reflux affects men and women equally and most commonly occurs between the ages of 30 and 50, with prevalence increasing with age. In Italy, approximately one in three people is affected by this condition. Reflux is also common in pregnant women and newborns.

When reflux progresses to disease, it can permanently damage the teeth. The material that flows back into the esophagus is largely composed of hydrochloric acid – one of the most corrosive and irritating acids (pH 1).

Unlike the stomach, whose walls are biologically designed to withstand strong acid, the mucosa and teeth cannot tolerate continuous acid exposure, which over time causes serious structural damage.

Chronic GERD patients often have teeth that appear gray-yellow-brown due to irreversible enamel loss. The tooth color changes because acid erosion from the stomach dissolves the enamel, exposing the dentin underneath, which is naturally yellowish and less translucent.

Beyond aesthetic concerns, exposed dentin causes dentin hypersensitivity to thermal stimuli (hot and cold). The acidic environment also significantly increases the risk of cavities.

Using Cariex® whenever gastroesophageal reflux occurs helps immediately neutralize the corrosive action of stomach acid, thanks to the buffering effect of bicarbonate, thereby protecting the teeth.
 
Because the refluxed material is highly acidic, it is recommended to increase the dosage of Cariex® (6/7 sprays) and to swallow the saliva along with the excess product. This allows the bicarbonate’s buffering effect to also act on the mucous membranes of the throat and esophagus, providing immediate relief and eliminating the burning sensation.